Carburetor



March 15, 1932. J. w. PARKIN, SR

CARBURETOR Filed July 28, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR g DO Sn.

BY \q TTORN March 15, 1932. J. w. PARKIN, SR

CARBURETOR Filed July 28, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ORNE Patented Mar. 15,1932 1 UNITED STATES P TEN FICE JOSEPH W. PARKIN, SR, 01 PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA CARBURETOR.

Application filed July 28, 1928. Serial No. 295,846.

This invention relates to improvements in an inlet passage 12 leading tothe well 8. T he carburetors for internal combustion engines. 12 iscontrolled by a valve 13 which The object of the invention is to providea is operated by an annular float 1e surrounding carburetor with novel,simple and efficient dethe casing part 11 and pivoted, at 15, to the :svices for regulating the supply of gasoline or casing flange 9. Nhen theliquid within the other liquid fuel to the carbureting passage well 8falls below a predetermined level, indifor properly running the engineat low, high cated at 16, the float 14 is lowered and permits andintermediate speeds, and for temporarily the valve 13 to open, therebyadmitting gasoenriching the fuel mixture for aquick pick up line to thewell 8 until the float l i is raised in passing from low to intermediatespeeds, thereby sufficiently to cause it to close the and also fortemporarily enriching the fuel valve 13 after the gasoline reachesth-epre mixture for a quick pick up in passing from determined levelwithin the Well 8. Thus intermediate to high speed running.substantially a constant level of gasoline is With the foregoing objectin View the inmaintained within the well 8 through the vention consistsof the elements and the comautomatic action of the float 14 and Valve 13c5 binations of them hereinafter described and in accordance with theprinciples well known claimed. in this art.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating The air inlet end portion 6 ofthe carburetthe invention, ing passage 5 is provided with a suitableFigure 1 is a top view of a carburetor emchoke valve 17 which may beoperated in the bodying my invention. usual manner for the usualpurpose; and the Figure 2 is a vertical section thereof, on passage 5near the mixture outlet end portion line 22 of Fig. 1. 7 thereof, isprovided with a throttle valve Figure 3 is an enlarged section through a18 for varying the degree of suction created portion of the casing ofthe carburetor and the within the carbureting passage 5 between theliquid fuel or gasolinev supplying devices throttle valve and the airinlet end portion therein. 6 of the passage 5 and between the throttleFigure 4 is a sectional detail on line elt valve and the mixture outlet7, during the of Fig. 3. operation of the engine.

Referring to the drawings, 3 designates a I shall now describe thedevices for supcasing forming the main body of the carbuplying thegasoline from the well to the carretor and having the carburetingpassage 5 bureting passage for the low speed running therein. Thispassage 5 has an air inlet end of the engine. portion 6 and a mixtureoutlet end portion '7 Secured within the casing and extending which isadapted to be connected to the fuel centrally through the carburetingpassage 5 intake passage or manifold of an internal and having its lowerend opening into the combustion engine so that air will be drawn well 8is a tubular guard 19; andextending through the passage 5 by the engineduring through this guard 19 is a tube 20 having an the operationthereof in the usual well known enlarged upper end portion 21 the lowerpormanner. tion of which is threaded at 22, and screwed 9G The lowerportion of the casing 3 is prointo the upper end portion of the tube 19.vided with a well 8 for holding gasoline or The'upper end of theenlarged portion 21 of other liquid fuel. This well 8 is closed at thetube 20 has a head 23 formed thereon conits top by a disc or flange 9formed on the casstructed to engage the top of the tube 19 or inc: 3 andit is held in place, up against the the top of the casing 3 and closethe upper flange 9 by a screw 10 which penetrates the end of an annularmixing chamber 24 formed bottom of the well and is screwed into a partby a bore in the tube 19 and surrounding the 11 of the casing 3 whichextends downwardly enlarged upper end portion thereof between throughthe central portion of the Well 8. the threaded portion 22 and the head23. The

' "Liquid fuel is supplied to the well 8 through tube 20 extendsdownwardly below the guard 19 and into the well 8 to a point below thegasoline level, indicated at 16, automatically maintained therein by thefloat 14, and the bottom of the tube 19 has an inlet orifice therein forthe admission of gasoline thereto. The enlarged upper end portion 21 ofthe tube 20 has an outlet orifice 26 therein which opens into the mixingchamber 2 1; and the casing 3 has a passage or orifice 27 therein whichis in communication with the mixing chamber 2 1 and which opens into thecarbureting passage 5 between the mixture outlet 7 thereof and thethrottle valve 18 when the valve is in the closed position, as shown byfull lines in Fig. 1, so that when the valve 18 is closed, or not quiteclosed, the orifice 27 will be exposed to the mixture outlet 7 of thepassage 5 or to the strong suction or vacuum of the motor, due to theposition of the valve 18.

The head 23 on the tube 20 has a transverse opening or passage 28extending the rthrough and the upper end of the tube 19 opens into thepassage 28 through which outside or atmospheric air may be admitted tothe tube 19. The quantity of outside air permitted to enter the tube 19is regulated and controlled by an adjustable valve comprising a screw 29screwed into the upper end portion of the head 23 in axial alinementwith the tube 19 and having its lower end tapered and adapted to enterthe upper end of the tube. A spring 30 encircling the screw 29 and thereduced upper end portion of the head 23 bears against the head 23 and ahead 31 on the screw 29 and holds the screw 29 in dilferent positions ofadjustment relatively to the tube 19.

By turning the head 23 the threaded portion 22 of the tube 20 may beunscrewed from the tube 19 and the tube with its valve screw may bebodily removed for cleaning or other purposes.

I shall now describe the devices for supplying the gasoline from thewell 8 to the carbureting passage 5 for the intermediate speed runningof the engine.

Secured within the casing 3 and extending centrally through thecarbureting passage 5 is a tube 32 the lower end of which opens into abore 33 in the downwardly extending part 11 of the casing 3 the bore 33forming, in effect, a continuation of the interior of the tube 32.

Extending through the tube 32 and down into the bore 33 is a tube 34having an enlarged upper end portion 35 which is threaded and screwedinto the upper end portion of the tube 32. The upper end of the threadedportion 35 of the tube 34': terminates in a suitable head 36 by means ofwhich the tube 3 1 may be turned for the purpose of removing it from orapplying it to the tube 32. An annular mixing chamber 3'? for air andgasoline is provided between the tube 34 and the surrounding walls ofthe tube 32 and the bore 33, and the bottom wall of the bore has atapered opening 39 therein within which is seated a tapered head 10 onthe lower end of the tube 34;. The lower end portion of this head 10enters an opening or passage -11 which extends transversely through theeasing part 11 and communicates at each end thereof with the well 8below the gasoline level 16 therein.

The lower portion of the interior of the tube 34: provides a mixingchamber 12 for air and gasoline, and outside or atmospheric air isadmitted to the tube 34 or chamber through. a contracted inlet port 4-3in the upper end thereof. The head 10 on the lower end of the tube 34-.has a gasoline inlet port or passage 14 connecting the bottom of thetube 3% or mixing chamber 42 and the gasoline passage 41. The mixingchamber 12 within the tube 31 and the mixing chamber 3'? surrounding thetube 3 1 are connected by two orifices -15 near the port 1 1 and wellbelow the gasoline level 16 in the well 8; and the upper portion of theouter mixing chamber 37' is connected to the carbureting passage 5 by anoutlet port or passage 4-6 which is formed in the casing 3. The point ofcommunication of the port or passage 16 with the main carburetingpassage 5 is directly below one side of the throttle valve 18 and insuch close proximity thereto that it will be exposed to the mixtureoutlet 7 of the passage 5 or to the strong suction or vacuum of themotor immediately following the initial opening movement of the valve 18or when the valve 18 is moved to the position indicated at -17 by thatand-dash lines in Fig. 2. The strength of this suction or vacuum on theport 16 lessens as the opening movement of the throttle 'alve continuesfrom the position indicated at l? to the full open position indicated at48 by dot-and-dash lines in Fig. 2.

I shall now describe the devices for supplying the gasoline from thewell 8 to the carbureting passage 5 for the high speed running of theengine.

Secured within the casing 3 and extending transversely through thecarbureting pa ssa g 5 is a tube 19 having its lower end opening into abore 50 in the downwardly extending! part 11 of the casing 3 the bore 50forming in effect, a continuation of the interior of the tube 4:9.

Extending through the tube 4:9 and bore 50 is a tube 51 having anenlarged upper end portion 52 which is threaded and screwed into theupper end portion of the tube The upper end of the threaded portion ofthe tul 51 terminates in a head by means of which it may be turned toremove it from the tube 19 and bore 50 or to adjust it up and downtherein. A spring 5% encircles the upper end portion of the tube 51 andbears againstthe head 53 and the top of the casing 3 and holds the tube51 against accidental displacement from its positions of adjustment.

An annular mixing chamber 55 for air and gasoline is provided betweenthe tube 51 and the surrounding walls of the tube 49 and the bore 50,and the bottom wall of the bore has an opening or passage thereinforming a port 56 for permitting gasoline to enter the mixing chamber55. The lower end of the tube 51 terminates in a tapered valve head 57which enters the port 56 and which may be adjusted up or down by turningthe head 53 to vary the effective area of the port 56 and consequentlyregulate the quantity of gasoline permitted to enter the mixing chamberfrom the well 8.

The upper end of the tube 51 is open for the admission of outside oratmospheric air, and the lower end of the tube 51 is closed by the valvehead 57. The tube 51 is provided with a plurality of radially disposedair outlet ports 58 arranged in a circular series and disposed above andin close proximity to the gasoline inlet port 56.

The tube 49 is provided with two longitudinal rows or sets of outletports for permitting'mixed air and gasoline to pass from the mixingchamber 55 to the main carbureting passage 5.

Now, assuming that the mixture outlet 7 of the main carbureting passage5 is connected to the fuel intake passage or manifold of an internalcombustion engine, the operation of the carburetor during the running ofthe engine is as follows:

The suction or vacuum created within the main carbureting passage 5 bythe operation of the engine draws gasoline and air into the passage 5.from the orifice 27 and ports 46 and 60 in accordance with the degreesof suction in the regions thereof, and the degrees of suction in suchregions is governed. and controlled by the position of the throttlevalve 18.

It will be observed that the outlet orifice 27 and ports 46 and 60 openinto the passage 5 well above the gasoline level 16 within the well 8,and that the orifice 25 and ports 44 and 56 open into the gasolinewithin the well 8 well below the level 16 thereof, and that these partsopen into the lower central portion of the well 8 so that gasoline willbe supplied thereto at all times irrespective of any tilting of theentire carburetor within reasonable limits when in service. It will alsobe observed that, normally, the gasoline will rise within the tubes 20,34 and 51 and mixing chambers 37 and 55 to the level 16 of the gasolinewithin the well 8 as governed by the action of the float 14.

When the engine is idling or running at low speed with a light load, thechoke valve 17 will be open and the throttle valve 18 will be at or nearthe closed position shown by full lines in Fig. 2. The suction orpartial vacuum created within the passage 5 between the throttle valve18 and the engine cylinders will draw outside air into the tube 20through the passage 28, thence through the orifice '26 into the mixingchamber 24 and thence through the orifice 27 into the main carburetingpassage 5, and the same suction will draw gasoline from the well 8 upthrough the tube 20 thence through the orifice 26 into the mixingchamber 24 and thence through the orifice 27 into the passage 5. As theair and gasoline is vaporized and commingled with the air as they meetwithin the tube 20 and expand within the mixing chamber 24 after passingthrough the orifice 26 and are delivered through the orifice 27 to thepassage 5 with the gasoline in a high state of vaporization where it ismixed with such air as the throttle valve 18 permits to pass through themain carbureting passage 5, producing a highly satisfactory fuel mixturefor the running of the'engine at low speed.

The quantity of gasoline which is drawn through the orifice 27 for lowspeed running is governed by the size of the gasoline inlet orifice 25by the quantity of outside air which is permitted to enter the tube 20and by the position of the throttle valve 18 which must be nearlyclosed; and the quantity of gasoline or richness of the mixture may beadjusted and controlled by turning the head 31 to adjust the valve screw29 to admit more or less outside air to the tube 20.

When the engine is idling or running at low speed, as just described, nogasoline is being drawn into the passage 5 through the ports 46 and 60by reason of the low suction within the passage 5 between the throttlevalve 18 and the air inlet 6..

l Vhen it is desired to increase the speed of the engine from the lowspeed running to a higher or the intermediate speed, the throttle valve18 is opened to a position at or near that indicated at 48in Fig. 2,thereby opening the port 46 to the strong suction or partial vacuumbetween the valve 18 and the engine cylinders. This brings the port orintermediate speed jet 46 into operation and the suction produced by theengine will first draw through the chamber 37 and port 46 the gasolinecontained within the chambers '37 and 42, at the level 16, untilthelevel of the gasoline therein reaches the top of the inlet port 44,and thisgasoline will be vaporized and mixed with the air being drawn rthrough the main carbureting passage 5 for the desired rich fuel mixturefor the power for the quick increase of the engine speed for the quickpick up, and, thereafter, the same suction will then draw outside airinto the tube 34 or mixing chamber 42 through the port 43, thencethrough the orifices 45 and mixing chamber 37 and thence through theport 46 into the passage 5, and also it will draw gasoline from the well8 through the inlet port l to the tube 34 or mixing chamber 1-2, thencethrough the orifices and mixing chamber 37 to and through the port 46and into the passage 5. As the air and gasoline are thus drawn into thepassage 5 following the quick pick up to intermediate speed, thegasoline is vaporized and co-mmingled with the air as they meet in thelower portion of the mixing chamber 4:2 and as they pass through theorifices 45 and mixing chamber 37 and expand within the chamber 37 andpass therefrom through the port or passage 46 to the main carburetingpassage 5, with the gasoline in a high state of vaporization, where itis mixed with the air entering the passage 5 through the inlet 6 andpassing through the passage 5 to the cylinders of the engine, producinga highly eiiicient fuel mixture for running the engine at intermediatespeeds.

The effective cross sectional area of the gasoline inlet port 4a is lessthan that of the air inlet port and less than the combined crosssectional areas of the orifices 45, the effective cross sectional areaof the air inlet port 43 is less than the combined cross sectional areasof the orifices 45, and the combined cross sectional areas of theorifices 45 are the same as or equal to the combined cross sectionalareas of the ports 43 and 44:. I have discovered that this arrangementand proportioning of the ports 43 and ll and orifices l5 provides forthe supply of a highly efficient fuel mixture for the running of theengine at intermediate speeds The richness of the mixture issuing fromthe port or jet 46 for intermediate speed running is governed andcontrolled by the position of the throttle valve 18 with relation to theport or jet 4-6, the richness growing less as the valve is moved fromthe position shown at l? in Fig, 2 toward the full open position shownat 18.

When it is desired to increase the speed of the engine from theintermediate speed running to a higher speed, the throttle valve 18 ismoved farther toward or to its full open position indicated at 4:8 inFig. 2. vVhen the throttle valve 18 is thus moved the suction on thehigh speed ports or jets 60 is increased while the suction on theintermediate port or 46 is decreased. This operation gradually reducesthe quantity of gasoline drawn through the port 46 and causes thesuction of the engine to first draw through the chamber and ports thegasoline contained within the chamber 55 and tube 51, at the level 16,until the level of the gasoline therein reaches the ports 58, and thisgasoline will be vaporized and mixed with the air being drawn throughthe main carbureting passage 5 for the desired rich fuel mixture for thepower for the quick increase of the engine speed for the quick pick upfrom intermediate to high speed, and, thereafter, the same suction willthen draw outside air into and down through the tube 51, thence throughthe ports 58 and mixing chamber 55 and thence through the ports 60 intothe passage 5, and also it will draw gasoline from the well 8 throughthe inlet port 56 to the mixing chamber 55 in an annular stream which.passes the annular series of air outlet ports 58 and thence through themixing chamber 55 to and through the ports 60 and into the passage Asthe air and gasoline are thus drawn into the passage 5, the gasoline isvaporized and commingled with the air as they meet in the lower portionof the mixing chamber 55 and pass up through the same and out throughthe ports 60 to the main carbureting passage 5 with the gasoline in ahigh state of vapori- Zation where it is mixed with the air entering thepassage 5 through the inlet 6 and passing through the passage 5 to thecylinders of the engine, producing a highly eliicient fuel mixture forrunning the engine at high speeds.

The richness of the fuel mixture issuing from the ports or jets 60 maybe varied and controlled by turning the head 53 to adjust the valve head57 to admit more or less gasoline to the mixing chamber 55 through theport 56 from the well 8.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a carbiiiretor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well andhaving a carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a mixtureoutlet, a throttle valve controlling the mixture outlet, said casinghaving a mixing chamber provided with an outlet orifice opening into thecarbureting passage adjacent to the throttle valve, aremovable tubehaving a head on the upper end tiereof extcriorly of the casing andextending downwardly from the head through the mixing chamber and intothe fuel well and having a screw thread thereon screwed into the casing,said tube having an inlet orifice at its lower end portion opening intothe fuel well below the liquid level therein and having an outletorifice at its upper end portion opening into the mixing chamber, saidhead having an air inlet passage opening into the upper end portion ofthe tube, and an adjustable valve operable to regulate the quantity ofair entcring the mixing chamber through the air passage.

2. In a carburetor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well and havinga carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a mixture outlet, athrottle valve controlling the mixture outlet. said casing having a partproviding a mixing chamber provided with an outlet port opening into thecarbureting passage, said casing having a part providing a chamberhaving an outlet orifice in the lower portion thereof coiniecting saidchamber bclow the liquid level in the well, and the last named parthaving an air inlet port opening into the upper portion of the lastnamed chamber and having a liquid fuel inlet port connecting the lastnamed chamber and the well and opening into the chamber below the liquidlevel in the well.

3. In a carburetor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well and havinga carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a mixture outlet, athrottle valve controlling the mixture outlet, said casing having a partproviding a mixing chamber provided with an outlet port opening into thecarbureting passage, said casing having a tubular part extending throughthe mixing chamber and enclosing a chamber having an outlet orifice in,the lower portion thereof connecting said chambers below the liquidlevel in the well, and said tubular part having an air inlet portopening into the upper portion of the chamber therein and having aliquid fuel. inlet port connecting the last named chamber and the welland opening into the chamber below the liquid level in the well.

l In a carburetor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well and havinga carbureting passage provided with an air'inlet and a mixture outlet. athrottle valve controlling themixture outlet, said casing having a partproviding a mixing chamber provided with an outlet port opening into thecarbureting passage, said casing having a part providing a chamberhaving outlet orifices in the lower portion thereof connecting saidchambers below the liquid level in the well, the last named part havingan air inlet port opening into the upper port-ion of the last namedchamber and having a liquid fuel inlet port connecting the last namedchamber and the well and opening into the chamber below the liquid levelin the well, said air inlet port having a cross sectional area less thanthe combined cross sectional areas of said orifices and greater than thecross sectional area of the fuel inlet port, and the combined crosssectional areas of said orifices being equal to the combined crosssectional areas of said air inlet port and said fuel inlet port.

5. In a carburetor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well and havinga carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a mixture outlet, athrottle valve controlling the mixture outlet, said casing having a partproviding a mixing chamber provided with an having a liquid fuel inletport connecting the last named chamber and the well and opening into thechamber below the liquid level in the well.

6. In a carburetor, a casing provided with a liquid fuel well and havinga carbureting passage provided with an air inlet and a mixture outlet, athrottle valve controlling the mixture outlet, a tube extendingtransversely through the carbureting passage and enclosing part of amixing chamber which extends downwardly from the tube and is providedwith a fuel inlet port in the bottom wall thereof connecting the mixingchamber and the well below the liquid level in the latter, said tubehaving a plurality of outlet ports opening into the carbureting passage,and a vertically adjustable tubular part provided with a screw threadedportion screwed into the casing above the mixing chamber and extendingdownwardly from its screw threaded portion through the mixing chamber inspaced relation to the surrounding wall thereof and having a taperedvalve head on the lower end thereof extending into the fuel inlet'portand providing an annular passage between the valve head and the wall ofthe fuel inlet port, said tubular part having an air inlet port in theupper portion thereof and an annular series of outlet ports in the lowerportion thereof in close proximity to the fuel inlet port.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

JOSEPH W. PAR-KIN, SR.

